Disposal of Offal and Environmental Concerns Essay

People complain about the much slower disposal of offal and other animal waste thrown uncovered in the midst of residential areas after sacrificing of hundreds of thousands of animals by the citizens as the necessary ritual of Eid ul Azha. Such highly random throwing of animal waste could cause an outbreak of infectious diseases anytime in the overcrowded residential areas. Dwellers of various parts of the country had been pinning great hopes to the revival of town administrations, after the gap of a long time, for resolution of their long-pending municipal and civic problems, especially unattended piles of garbage nearby to densely populated residential areas, posing serious health hazards to their residents. Town administrations claim to have made effective arrangements for the removal of offal and cleanliness during Eid ul Azha. The concerned public quarters said that the sanitation and cleanliness situation had been a lot better in residential areas. In several instances, especially in far-flung areas, offal and other animal waste remained unattended in open grounds and alleys from dawn to dusk. In some brazen incidents, the stray dogs and scavenger birds were found tearing up and devouring upon these openly thrown pieces of offal and other parts of animal waste, creating serious health and civic problems. In some areas civic situation had been already pathetic with sewage overflowing on several of the major roads of city and with these scattered unattended offal and other parts of animal waste, the situation has been quite messy in the area with the passage of Eid ul Azha days. In several residential parts, people on self-help basis and privately hiring the services of sweepers disposed of offal and other animal waste and also undertook health preventive measures as till late evening there had been no disposal work by the town administration. Management practices -an overview: Appreciable practices: * Every town administration had designated its own offal collection and dumping points for proper disposal of offal and animal waste. These trenches for disposal of offal would be filled after the third day of Eid ul Azha. * Extensive insecticide fumigation and aroma spray carried out in residential areas to prevent the outbreak of contagious diseases and ameliorate the civic and sanitation situation in major residential areas of the city. * The management has failed to dispose of the intestines, offal and carcasses of sacrificial animals the jurisdiction during the Eid ul Azha. * A visit revealed that sanitary workers of the civic body did not bother to clean the areas of scattered entrails of the sacrificial animals, which were still lying along the main road. * The management before the Eid-ul-Azha had divided the city into zones for effective implementation of the action plan, especially prepared for cleanliness. * To keep the city clean and remove remains of the sacrificial animals cancellation of leaves of the Sanitation staff was announced to work round-the-clock in three shifts. * In many major cities the authorities made deep ditches for the proper disposal of the of offal and animal flashes while Lime powder also being sprinkled and applied to garbage trolleys and sacrificial places to avoid pollution and rush of birds. * The vehicles and staffers used by the Town administration for emergency duties for disposing of offal after sacrificing of animals, proved to be too less in numbers given the heavy volume of task. Malfunctioning of administration: * The inhabitants have been urging the administration high-ups to ensure cleanliness of the entire city on emergency basis to avoid nauseating odor and related problems. * It was also observed that in most parts of the capital city excluding posh areas people have not thrown the offal and other wastage of sacrificial animals at prescribed places. * The improper disposal of offal and wastes is not only polluting the environment but also disturbing the aerial traffic in the airspace near the airport. After the slaughtering of animals near railway tracks, the intestines, offal and other wastes need attention of the authorities to prevent people from spreading pollution in jurisdiction of airports and cant areas. * Birds pose a safety threat to airplanes, especially during landing and take-off. When birds strike an aircraft traveling at high speed, the impact can sometimes be dangerous. Despite Pakistan Air Force (PAF) awareness campaign before Eid, the locals as well as the municipal staff could not ensure quick and safe disposal of the remains of the sacrificial animals in the jurisdiction of the airport. * The surrounding area’s pollution attracted birds and causes problems to the pilot. The removal of dirty flashes and meet of animal from the sites of slaughtering centers is direly needed in order to avoid any misshape. * Some residents throwing the animals` waste into narrow drains, causing stringent smell in their locality. * Suburbs were specially ignored by the sanitary workers of the civic body where remains of the sacrificial animals had created serious problems for residents. The Irony: The reckless attitude of the local municipal administration and residents not caring for cleanliness could also cause diseases. There is severe need that municipal administration should ensure that the waste of each animal should be dumped in deep ditches to avoid pollution as well as rush of birds toward slaughtering sites in the city. Those people who violate law and leaving animal wastes on open surface of the earth must be charges with heavy fine to forces them to keep the environment clean. Measures to be taken: * A consolidated strategy should be adopted on the occasion of Eid-ul-Azha for sanitary arrangements and disposal of offal of sacrificial animals. * Cleanliness is an article of faith and as a nation, it is a collective responsibility to keep the surroundings clean. * Cleanliness arrangements should be ensured on Eid as well as Taroo and Maroo at any cost and stern action should be taken against the persons burning â€Å"Siri Paays† (head and feet of sacrificial animals) on the roadsides as it causes environmental pollution. * The administrative officers and officials displaying negligence towards sanitary arrangements during Eid days will not be spared. * Ban on the sale and purchase of sacrificial animals in the city should be strictly implemented and this business should be carried out only at the points specified for this purpose. * A vigorous public awareness campaign should be launched for maintaining cleanliness during the Eid days and disposal of animals waste and the assembly members should personally supervise the Eid arrangements. * The Chief Minister directed that complaint cell regarding cleanliness arrangements should be activated and it should work round the clock to redress public complaints. * Modern technology should be utilized for the supervision of the sanitary staff and planning should be made for this purpose with the assistance of Information and Technology Board. * Volunteers should also be deputed for sanitary arrangements on the occasion of Eid. * Special bags should be given to the citizens for disposal of animal waste while special centers should also be established for the collection of offal from where it will be taken and destroyed at specific places in a proper manner. References: 1. http://www.thenews.com.pk/Todays-News-4-140017-Slow-disposal-of-offal-irks-residents-in-many-areas 2. http://www.brecorder.com/general-news/172/1252726/

The Twilight Saga 5: Midnight Sun 25. Battle Worn

Plink. Plink. Plink. Beep. Beep. Beep. The many noises of the machines were slowly making their way down the hallway towards room four-oh-eight. Emotions were flooding me, my body not knowing which ones to recognize. Alice was eyeing me with apprehension, the future obvious in her mind. You're not going to like this. Alice stood up and paced back and forth, becoming impatient with the slowness of the nurse pushing Bella down the hall. I was still standing, my hand resolutely on the door, afraid to open it, afraid of what I'll see. I dove into her mind for only a fraction of a second to see that Bella was hooked up to so many machines it almost made her look like she was some sort of mechanical apparatus or contrivance. My many threads of thought were lost when I caught a scent that was unfamiliar to me, yet I knew it all the same. I finally yanked on the door, flinging it open to see Carlisle walking quietly behind the nurse, a despondent look upon his face. My eyes ignored him and everything else that was going on around the busy nurses' station. The only room I had in my brain right now, in my heart, was for the precious soul laying in the bed, beaten and battle worn. Taking in a deep breath, I tried to find the scent that would reassure me that she was still Bella, still okay†¦still mine. But, the scent was off, wrong†¦possibly vulgar. For a moment I thought there was something wrong with me, that maybe my brain was fooling me†¦tricking me, a mere product of my own mental invention. Possibly a fantastic notion ?C like her blood finally was unappealing to me. Shaking my head, I realized the only scent in the world I wished for right now was her scent, her very human, very Bella scent. My eyes followed a red tube from her arm up to a blood red bag. Blood. Not any blood, but human blood. Sitting there ?C for the taking. But the aroma was off, offensive†¦extremely unpleasant. Ignoring the now erroneous smell wafting off of her, I concentrated on her face, her bandages†¦her wrist. My teeth automatically clenched so hard that if steel were to meet them it would be ripped in half. James. Pushing my angry thoughts aside, I brought myself back to the angel, the beauty that was lying in this bed, unconscious and broken. At the sight of her my extremities felt like they were going numb. She was broken. I broke her. The nurse had finally made sure she was hooked up to all the appropriate machines, that everything was working correctly before checking her pulse and her temperature. Carlisle and Bella's doctor were standing outside the door talking. I was barely paying attention to the conversation, choosing to pick key words from their minds. She'll be fine. Probably another pint of blood. Temporary medically induced coma until she heals more. My head snapped up. Coma? †¦ Coma? What? I reached for Bella's hand, bringing it to my lips, kissing her lightly, caressing her face. Automatically I began to try and probe her mind, even though I knew the effort was useless. Maybe I could reach into her brain, pull out her thoughts. Did she forgive me? Was she okay? How was the pain? Silence. Fear bubbled like acid in my stomach. The only thing that slightly soothed my frenzied nerves was her warmth†¦her pulse in the air, on my skin. I was seeing double, watching Bella from two different views, mine and Alice's. How revolting. She didn't care much for the blood being forced into Bella's veins either. We both continued to watch Bella's check's lightly turn a tinge of pink as the blood swirled under her clear skin. Every second the pain at her broken body lashed at me. I tried to form some kind of enchantment, to make it so we could magically change places; that I could feel the pain, that it was me lying there unconscious. To think how this could have happened, how she was almost reduced to ash†¦to a cold and fiery death. The picture of a fleshless Bella entered my mind and the feeling of disgust was present on my tongue. Each second I felt like I was becoming emotional deranged. I needed an outlet, some way to focus my thoughts. Clunk. Clunk. Clunk. I whipped around to see Alice flipping a tiny video in her hands. Resentment began bubbling to the surface. Without thinking I rounded on her. â€Å"What happened? How did you let this happen? Bella†¦Ã¢â‚¬  my voice was overly accusatory. My hostility began swelling in the air, slowly consuming me. Alice stepped back two steps before sitting down. She placed her head in her tiny hands and very quiet sobs escaped her lips. The afternoon's events were finally catching up to her. â€Å"After you boarded the plane†¦I saw it. Bella, in the ballet studio. I saw it all†¦Ã¢â‚¬  She looked up at me as her eyes sparkled with unshed tears, tears that would never come. â€Å"I†¦I didn't realize it was because she planned to meet him.† â€Å"You left her alone with Jasper? Seriously†¦Jasper? Come on Alice!† I kept my voice low, not wanting to upset anyone outside this room. â€Å"Jasper can handle himself,† she cut across me. â€Å"Maybe she hadn't completely made up her mind, but when she did, she was already on her feet, running towards the exit. By the time this future presented itself to me I knew I'd be too late.† She breathed in a quick breath, trying to calm her nerves. â€Å"She wrote a letter to her mom. It was still in my hand. On a hunch I opened it. That's when I very nearly ran into you. Edward†¦ I'm†¦I'm so sorry.† â€Å"Not as sorry as I am,† I barely muttered. My anger had left as quickly as it had come on. Sorry†¦ â€Å"It's not your fault, it's mine.† I whispered. I turned to bring myself back to Bella. My eyes followed every bruise, every bump and every blackened spot. Each second little quiet explosions of pain were erupting through my body. Now, more than ever, I was vividly aware of her fragile, breakable body. How is this your fault? Alice challenged. â€Å"If it wasn't for me, she would never be in this hospital. She would be safely in Forks, probably having a nice dinner with her father. Instead†¦she's here, broken†¦comatose.† Her arm wrapped around my shoulder. â€Å"No, this is his fault.† She waved the tape in front of me. â€Å"Do you want to see what Bella was talking about?† I looked at Bella and then looked at Alice, giving her a pleading look. â€Å"Carlisle,† Alice called over her shoulder. â€Å"Excuse me, Dr. Jones.† Carlisle said politely. â€Å"Yes, of course. I'll check on Ms. Swan later,† Dr. Jones responded. Carlisle strode into the room. â€Å"Alice?† â€Å"Carlisle, will you please stay with Bella while Edward and I watch this tape?† He looked over her to see my face. I wasn't looking, my face was resolutely focused on Bella, my focal point, the one I cherished, loved and adored above all others. No, I wasn't leaving this room. â€Å"You guys go ahead,† I waved them away. Alice huffed lightly. â€Å"I'll watch it outside the hospital.† You can just watch it through my mind. â€Å"Okay,† I answered blandly. They both left me, not another thought in their minds about my decision. Carlisle had already known that I wouldn't leave her side. Not now, not when she needed me more than ever. Fear fluttered in my chest at the thought of what she might think when she does wake. Would this be the thing that finally makes her snap? Another sharp stab of pain prickled my insides. Bella continued to lay there, silent and still†¦unmoving except her tiny chest movements. There was a light rapt on the door before the Doctor walked in with his clipboard in hand. I rose, hand out. â€Å"I'm Edward Cullen. Thank you for taking care of her.† I spoke reverently, more thankful than he will ever know or understand. Love. â€Å"Yes, of course. You're welcome. Dr. Cullen wanted me to stop in and explain what will happen with her next.† â€Å"Yes†¦Ã¢â‚¬  I pressed. Eager chap, isn't he? â€Å"She has many injuries. Her skull is fractured, she has several broken ribs and her leg was badly mangled, but we were able to fix that with surgery. A few pins will hold her bone in place until it heals,† he answered while taking her vitals. â€Å"Why isn't she waking up?† I coaxed, trying to get him to get to the coma part. â€Å"Yes, well, because of the extensive damage I have purposefully had her placed in a comatose state to help her heal. I'm not sure how long she will need to be in a coma. It could be a day, it could be several. Don't worry, she'll be okay.† Clumsy girl. You ain't kidding, I thought. â€Å"Well, thank you, Dr. Jones.† He nodded once and exited the door. He had good timing, because as soon as he shut the door a thought burst through my mind. Edward! Pay attention! I'm about to watch this video. Alice shouted from her head. They found a cord to plug into one of their laptops and were sitting outside in our car that Jasper brought back for us to use. This is going to be hard to watch, son. Please keep your cool. Carlisle warned. Sitting, I pulled Bella's hand back into mine. To watch this video, I knew I would have to feel her warmth to remind me she was still alive, that she was still with me†¦even if she was unconscious. Watching her actions like they were my own, Alice's finger slowly appeared in my vision as she pressed the play button. I felt a pang of unease. Accompanying my thoughts were Alice's and Carlisle's. A face appeared on the screen. James. I took in a heavy breath, preparing myself for the onslaught of pain†¦torture that watching this will cause me. Deep down, I probably deserve to watch this, to make me see what I did to her. â€Å"Edward, I'm so sorry we couldn't meet today, but I have a prior appointment with your Bella.† A sick laugh. â€Å"I hope you enjoy the show. Hope to†¦see you very soon.† I could hear the thoughts of revulsion radiating off of Carlisle. The screen shook, as I could imagine James placing it upon the stereo. His face was now facing the camera again. â€Å"I just got off the phone with Bella. Looks like she will be here shortly. You shouldn't have let her out of your sight. She's all mine now.† He licked his lips. My stomach jolted, I felt sickened at the thought. The screen no longer showed what he was doing, but I heard him fiddling with something. My fault, Alice thought again. Another minute had passed. I focused on Bella, reminding myself once more that she was here, safe. I heard the door crack open slowly in the video as the air conditioner thrummed quietly in the background. â€Å"Bella? Bella?† I heard a voice call out. Suddenly Bella was running through the studio, looking around in alarm. â€Å"Bella, you scared me! Don't you ever do that to me again! â€Å" There was a trill of a laugh and Bella whirled around, looking for the noise. I watched as Bella slowly walked towards something out of the camera lens' vision. There was a sudden blue light and she backed away, the light reflecting off her perfect face and her white shirt. She turned around slowly, anxiety obvious in her deep depths. Oh no, Alice thought weakly. My heart ached to watch her panic. She must have been terrified. My desire to throttle James had reached such a pitch, but there was no vampire left to kill, to rip apart and burn. Bella's eyes focused on something past the camera. â€Å"Sorry about that, Bella, but isn't it better that your mother didn't really have to be involved in all this?† His voice was mellow. He really is a cruel creature, Carlisle added to my already angry thoughts. Poison rippled through my veins. He had no right to even talk to her, to even look in her direction. I wanted to reach out and bring death to him. A sudden surge of jealousy hit me as I realized I didn't get this opportunity and never will. â€Å"Yes,† Bella answered as relief broke across her face. She was†¦relieved? My teeth met with an audible snap as I realized she was being selfless, sacrificing herself for her mother. A trait I loved in Bella, yet hated all at the same time. And she truly is a magnificent creature, Carlisle added to his previous thought. â€Å"You don't sound angry that I tricked you.† A light laugh. â€Å"I'm not.† She actually sounded brave. Brave little Bella, Alice sniffled. â€Å"How odd. You really mean it† James appeared in the picture now. He was slowly walking towards Bella. â€Å"I will give your strange coven this much, you humans can be quite interesting. I guess I can see the draw of observing you. It's amazing — some of you seem to have no sense of your own self-interest at all.† He had no idea how selfless she actually was. He also had no idea how she was absolutely unique, different, not like any human he would have encountered before. He was standing a few feet away from her now, arms folded, looking at her curiously. â€Å"I suppose you're going to tell me that your boyfriend will avenge you?† James asked. Avenge? If only I were so lucky! The thought of bringing my teeth to his neck to rip him to pieces, slowly†¦ the satisfaction was almost overwhelming in my sick fantasy. My wish was for him to suffer my retribution and it pained me more to not be able to rip him to shreds with my bare hands. â€Å"No, I don't think so. At least, I asked him not to.† Bella's voice trembled. My heart plummeted while a sick feeling swept over me. â€Å"And what was his reply to that?† James looked hopeful at the prospect. â€Å"I don't know. I left him a letter.† I could feel it slowly burning in my pocket, I placed my free hand over the letter. It would be a keepsake, a reminder of how close this angel got to death. I should have known†¦Alice tormented. â€Å"How romantic, a last letter. And do you think he will honor it?† His voice was dripping with sarcasm marring his polite tone. â€Å"I hope so.† Bell was a fool to think I would honor that letter. Of course I would kill him. I would probably play golf with his appendages just for fun. The surge of savage pleasure rippled through me. Sometimes she is so blind, Alice stifled a small laugh, understanding exactly what I was thinking without reading my mind. â€Å"Hmmm. Well, our hopes differ then. You see, this was all just a little too easy, too quick. To be quite honest, I'm disappointed. I expected a much greater challenge. And, after all, I only needed a little luck.† Silence. â€Å"When Victoria couldn't get to your father, I had her find out more about you. There was no sense in running all over the planet chasing you down when I could comfortably wait for you in a place of my choosing. So, after I talked to Victoria, I decided to come to Phoenix to pay your mother a visit. I'd heard you say you were going home. At first, I never dreamed you meant it. But then I wondered. Humans can be very predictable; they like to be somewhere familiar, somewhere safe. And wouldn't it be the perfect ploy, to go to the last place you should be when you're hiding — the place that you said you'd be. â€Å"But of course I wasn't sure, it was just a hunch. I usually get a feeling about the prey that I'm hunting, a sixth sense, if you will. I listened to your message when I got to your mother's house, but of course I couldn't be sure where you'd called from. It was very useful to have your number, but you could have been in Antarctica for all I knew, and the game wouldn't work unless you were close by.† Oh course, Carlisle practically shouted in his head. Realization hitting him like a ton of bricks. â€Å"Then your boyfriend got on a plane to Phoenix.† I wanted to hit myself for my stupidity! â€Å"Victoria was monitoring them for me, naturally; in a game with this many players, I couldn't be working alone. And so they told me what I'd hoped, that you were here after all. I was prepared; I'd already been through your charming home movies. And then it was simply a matter of the bluff. â€Å"Very easy, you know, not really up to my standards. So, you see, I'm hoping you're wrong about your boyfriend. Edward, isn't it?† Memories flooded me as I remembered our pointless and rambling journey to Canada, Victoria's odd behavior. Each second she was searching†¦looking. I became instantly angry at myself. Why didn't I see this? I should have known. I read his mind. He never failed†¦his special gift was tracking. Bella stayed silent. Secretly I wished she would have taunted him, called him names†¦at least argued with him. Put up a fight, even if it were a feeble attempt. â€Å"Would you mind, very much, if I left a little letter of my own for your Edward?† Sick, Alice thought angrily. His hand reached out to grab the camera. He was going to gloat†¦to show her that he was doing this to get to me. I didn't want to murder him anymore, I wanted to slice him into pieces and cook them one at a time. Feed it to the furry creatures of the forest. He readjusted the camera a few times. â€Å"I'm sorry, but I just don't think he'll be able to resist hunting me after he watches this. And I wouldn't want him to miss anything. It was all for him, of course. You're simply a human, who unfortunately was in the wrong place, at the wrong time, and indisputably running with the wrong crowd, I might add.† The camera moved closer to Bella†¦he moved closer to Bella. â€Å"Before we begin†¦I would just like to rub it in, just a little bit. The answer was there all along, and I was so afraid Edward would see that and ruin my fun. It happened once, oh, ages ago. The one and only time my prey escaped me. â€Å"You see, the vampire who was so stupidly fond of this little victim made the choice that your Edward was too weak to make. When the old one knew I was after his little friend, he stole her from the asylum where he worked — I never will understand the obsession some vampires seem to form with you humans — and as soon as he freed her he made her safe. She didn't even seem to notice the pain, poor little creature.† There was an audible gasp from Alice, as she realized he was talking about her. â€Å"She'd been stuck in that black hole of a cell for so long. A hundred years earlier and she would have been burned at the stake for her visions. In the nineteen-twenties it was the asylum and the shock treatments. When she opened her eyes, strong with her fresh youth, it was like she'd never seen the sun before. The old vampire made her a strong new vampire, and there was no reason for me to touch her then.† He sighed. â€Å"I destroyed the old one in vengeance.† Alice's thoughts were running wild. Her mind trying to reach back into her old memories to try to find her human times. There was nothing but velvety blackness. It all makes sense now, why she was left alone. Her creator was killed before she awoke! Carlisle was fitting the puzzle pieces together in his mind. â€Å"Alice,† Bella gasped, sadness in her tone. A rush of affection came flooding out of Alice as she realized how much Bella loved her, too. â€Å"Yes, your little friend. I was surprised to see her in the clearing. So I guess her coven ought to be able to derive some comfort from this experience. I get you, but they get her. The one victim who escaped me, quite an honor, actually.† A growl ripped up Alice's throat at his comment. Mine wasn't far behind. Honor, scoffed Carlisle. â€Å"And she did smell so delicious. I still regret that I never got to taste†¦ She smelled even better than you do. Sorry — I don't mean to be offensive. You have a very nice smell. Floral, somehow†¦Ã¢â‚¬  To think of him even being close enough to smell her about drove me mad. I could slowly feel the savagery creeping into my veins. Many violent brutal acts flashed through my mind. The camera moved so close to Bella's perfect features that he was probably only inches away from her. Violence was struggling to break free of my body, but there was no one to fight, no one to beat. His hand reached out and grabbed a strand of her hair; he sniffed it and patted it back in place. At this, I stood, letting go of Bella's hand. Fury was bursting out of me. I wanted to inflict a punishment so brutal, so horribly unthinkable that he would have to suffer for years in horrid pain. He reached up to stroke her cheek once quickly with his thumb. The hospital cup that was lying next to Bella's bed was suddenly in my grasp, crunched like it was a soda can and slowly crumbled into little pieces. Choice swear words came shooting out of my mouth. â€Å"No,† he murmured to himself as he dropped his hand, â€Å"I don't understand.† He sighed. â€Å"Well, I suppose we should get on with it. And then I can call your friends and tell them where to find you, and my little message.† Absolutely revolting, Carlisle's thoughts were almost incoherent with disgust. Slowly I could see the camera backing away from her face. Her body was quavering in fear. I brought my hand out in mid air, like I could soothe her; tell her everything would be okay, though I knew any minute that the pain would be inflicted, that she would be violently hurt and bitten by a vicious and cruel vampire. Every particle of my body was screaming in protest. The camera was circling around her†¦he was circling around her. The movement of the camera was almost like I could tell he had just crouched, preparing to spring. Her pupils dilated in terror. She bolted. In all my anger I almost laughed at the comical move. It was humorous for two reasons. One, trying to outrun a vampire? She knew better. Two, she actually feared a creature she should be afraid of. So, her braveness did have a limit. I sat back down, holding Bella's hand again. I closed my eyes, knowing the next little bit was going to be rough. I might not even make it through it all. He flew in front of Bella, where there was then a loud thud and the camera whipped around to show Bella almost slowly sliding down the glass mirror as it rippled and broke, falling to the floor. Anger throbbed through me as did sadness, pain. I wanted to make him†¦suffer. The fury that was pounding through my body was so violent it was shocking me like a jolt of electricity, each time burning me. James walked slowly towards her; the camera bringing Bella's dazed expression into view. What kind of creature†¦Carlisle was full of despair. A growl ripped up my throat, long and feral. â€Å"That's a very nice effect. I thought this room would be visually dramatic for my little film. That's why I picked this place to meet you. It's perfect, isn't it?† Bella began crawling on the floor. Without thinking I slowly propped myself up on her bed, lightly tracing the features of her face which was now only inches from mine. How could I ever let her out of my sight? What happened next burned me so much that I begged that we could trade places, or that I could suddenly go back in time. The camera lowered, to show what his next move would be. He lifted his foot, and stomped on her leg. There was a sickening snap as Bella's scream came flying out of her mouth. I could feel an exertion of force or power slowly brewing inside me as violence pulsed through me. â€Å"Would you like to rethink your last request?† A smile obviously in his voice. With a light flick on his foot he nudged her leg while another piercing scream echoed through my brain. A cry echoed through all our thoughts at once. â€Å"Wouldn't you rather have Edward try to find me?† I would have found you, James. If I would have just arrived a little earlier I would have pulled his eyes out of his sockets and chewed them, spit them out and stomped them into the dirt. â€Å"No!† Bella barely croaked. â€Å"No, Edward, don't–â€Å" Before Bella could finish her plea she was being thrown into the broken mirrors. Through Alice's vision I could tell she had flinched, and suddenly her hand went up to cover her eyes. Not Bella†¦ Alice sighed a lament as her hand slowly slid back down her face. Each torture continued to hit me relentlessly. When my vision was restored I watched as each second the darkness ran down her face and flooded her white shirt, staining it red. Blood. Beads of blood were trickling at an alarming rate through her hair. I could remember the outrageous flavor floating on the air around her when I arrived at the studio. It was easy to ignore the thought as explosions of agony possessed me, like I was bursting with the pain of it all. I brushed my fingers lightly over her face again, a reminder she was still here, safe†¦protected. â€Å"It's entirely my fault,† I whispered to Bella. In the video her eyes began to close as James dropped the camera. The angle was not good, so the view was distorted, but that was a good thing. Bella slowly melted onto the floor, bringing her hand up to her face as protection. There was a guttural noise, the sound of flesh breaking. That's when he bit her. Seeing this, knowing how close she was to death felt like I was being pierced with scalding hot knives. This video just made it that much more horribly vivid. Each blow felt like I had been fatally wounded. As if it were my own hand, Alice reached out and pressed the stop button. I was thankful, I didn't think I could watch those painful moments when I thought she was possibly dead or dying, the memory was clear enough, no need to add to the agony†¦though I deserved it. Alice and Carlisle began talking with each other about what they just saw. I pushed their thoughts and their conversation from my mind. I couldn't think about it anymore. It was bad enough she was lying here, broken, mangled†¦bruised†¦unconscious. Grief began weighing on my heart. I wished, prayed, even that this was all just a horrible nightmare; that I could sleep so I could wake from this. My stance around Bella was a continuance of looking like a body guard in hostile territory, even though she was safe in this hospital. I felt the ripping of my heart, slowly being shredded. Halfway curling myself up on her bed, I kept my face close to hers. Kissing her every minute, just to feel the warmth on my lips. A reminder of how precious the life was that was laying here in front of me. My love†¦my existence. Each second realizing that she was my life, without her I would die. Not only would I die, I would beg for it, embrace it. Other thoughts swam through my already troubled mind. I couldn't keep her. To have her be in my life would be like keeping her in the line of danger. She deserved more than me†¦she deserved marriage, kids, a family†¦college. Each thought lashed at me, leaving angry lacerations. I couldn't leave her now, but one day I will have to leave her. It pained me to think it, to know it had to be that way, but that is the only way it could be. I loved her too much to damn her to this existence, to take away her soul. Hadn't I already been selfish enough? Hadn't Bella proven how unselfish, brave, and trusting she is already? I kissed her forehead once more as hopelessness threatened to engulf me. Hey, bro, it's me. Can I come in? I sat up. Emmett? â€Å"Come in.† He came bursting through the door with a smile on his face, which slid away quickly once he saw Bella. He noticed the blood hanging down and held his breath quickly, though it didn't bother him like it would Jasper. â€Å"Here ya go!† Emmett threw a bag towards me. Man, he looks bad. â€Å"Wash up. You look how I do when I get done fighting a grizzly.† He chuckled. â€Å"Thanks,† I rummaged through the bag, glad to see clean clothes. â€Å"Alice told me that Rene will be here in half an hour and it would probably be prudent if you didn't look like a train wreck.† Another chuckle. â€Å"Yes, I guess it would be best if I wasn't covered in her daughter's blood.† I looked back at Bella. I'll stay here with her if you want me too, Emmett added, coaxing me to clean myself. â€Å"Okay, yeah. I'll just be right in here. There's a shower†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Yeah, yeah,† he interrupted. When I was in the bathroom I could feel the contacts slowly dissolving in my eyes. Having red eyes would probably scare her mother. I dug through my bag, hoping Alice would have predicted this. Bingo. Contacts. Thank you, Alice! Before I put my new contacts in, I threw all of my dirty clothes away, making sure I kept the letter she wrote me. I turned the water on hot, hoping it might actually ease some of the tension and strain I was under. At the same time, I was looking through Emmett's eyes as he watched over Bella. Though he barely knew her, he was slowly learning to love her, to appreciate who she was. It was so easy to be in Emmett's mind sometimes. I let the warm water trickle over my body, cleaning any remaining blood off of my skin. The water tinged pink for a few moments and then the luscious scent swirled down the drain. I could still feel a heavy weight on my chest, as if there was something constricting my heart from healing from the lashes that were constantly being engraved on my tethered and worn body. She was so close to death, so close to not living. Her heart†¦my heart was on the verge of never beating again. Searching for her face, I found it instantly in Emmett's view. I sighed, turned off the water and began toweling off. Rene would be here shortly and I needed to look my best. Quickly dressing, I placed the contacts in my eyes, letting them obstruct my vision once again before I exited, relieving Emmett of his duty. â€Å"Thanks,† I put my hand on his shoulder. â€Å"Oh, it's no problem,† he smiled, winked and then strode from the room. Again, I waited by her bedside, holding her hand gently, caressing her face lightly. The blood that was slowly dripping in her veins had started to mix with her blood, the scent finally beginning to smell more like Bella. The luxurious, the delicious, the palatable aroma progressively growing stronger. Then, there was a sudden awareness as I heard thoughts that were so overwhelmed with fear that they were producing nothing but hysterical ramblings. It had to be Rene. No one else in this whole hospital knew what it was like to love someone like Bella. She was different, amazing†¦wonderful. The door flew open and I stood, the doctor hurriedly following behind Rene's ever impatient noises. Rene, completely ignoring my presence, flew towards Bella, though her touch was gentle, her sobs loving. Her panicking seemed to clear my thoughts. â€Å"Oh, Bella. Bella!† she turned to face the doctor. â€Å"When will she be awake?† â€Å"I'm keeping her in a medically induced coma until I feel she has healed some.† He stated. She turned away from the doctor, her eyes finally meeting my presence. â€Å"And you must be†¦Edward?† He sure is handsome. I didn't realize Bella†¦ Oh, well, maybe I'm wrong. I tried not to smile at her thoughts. â€Å"Yes,† I held out my hand. She gripped my hand for a second before plopping down next to Bella. â€Å"My baby, please get better. I love you,† she murmured. Went through a window! I just can't believe Charlie let her leave like that. So irresponsible. I'm just going to have to take her home†¦back to Florida. And I would let her.

Business Law for Unconscionability

Unconscionability is a legal protection against the enforcement of a contract that is unfair to one party. If the contract is unfair that is shows an abuse during its formation, the jury may find it unconscionable and decline to employ it. In most occasions when a court finds an agreement to be unconscionable, they declare the contact as annulled. No issuance of specific performance or pensations is awarded, but in its place, the parties will be relieved from their contract responsibilities (Mccullough, 2016). Other than that, the reason why it may mean that a contract is enforceable under the law is because such contracts favor only the dominant party, thus, making it unfair to the weaker party. The leading cases of unconscionable conduct are in transactions between stronger and weaker parties. It is therefore partly related to duress and unwarranted influence. It is mon where a superior party manipulates the weaker party with special disabilities such as old age, lack of education, illiteracy and much more. The transaction is also oppressive and harsh to the weaker partner. Its is also mon in business contracts where there are provisions that limit damages against the seller, prevents the rights of the buyer to seek court help against the seller, among others (Mccullough, 2016). Additionally, it is also found in acts of deceit and fraud. It is whereby one party deliberately misrepresents a fact that deprives an individual of an expensive possession. The main reason why such laws exist in the business world is because it is used to limit the dominant parties from fraudulently manipulating the weaker parties in business contracts. It is meant to reduce exploitation of the consumers who are poorly educated, less fortunate, and cannot be able to get the best price available in the petitive trade (Mccullough, 2016). On the other hand, it prevents the undue influence, whereby one party practice unreasonable authority to make the other party sign the contract. Additionally, it used in business to prevent the use of threat to make other parties agree to the contract. Furthermore, it prevents the dominant party from limiting their liabilities to breach of contract. There are various characteristics of the unequal bargain that must or might demonstrate unconscionability. These characteristics may include duress, undue influence, unfair surprise, limited warranty, and unequal bargaining power. To start with, duress is a situation where one party uses threats so that to make the other party agree to the contract terms and conditions. It can be physical or any other form of threat. For example, the seller may refuse to release the goods rightfully until the other parties append his signature on the contract. Additionally, undue influence is a situation whereby one party practices irrational pressure to make the other party signs the contract. This happens under circumstances where one party takes advantage of the other party in one way or the other. Moreover, unfair surprise takes place when the party who developed the contract inserts a term in the agreement without the awareness and anticipation of the other party (Marrow & Penn, 2013). Furthermo re, limiting warranty is a situation in which one party tries to minimize their liability for damages that may be as a result of his actions. Lastly, unequal bargaining power happens where one party has an unfair advantage over the other (Landrum, 2014). It occurs when the dominant party obviously knows that the other party lacks the knowledge of what the contract entails. A good example of these characteristics is when a business broker requires a customer to sign an agreement, but within the accord, he inserts a difficult term to understand. The broker writessuch terms using tiny fonts and placed the phrase in a manner that will mislead the customer to sign in the unwarranted term. The legislation that supports the principle that a contract may be so unfair that it is unenforceable is section 2-302 of the Uniform mercial Code. Under this Act, if the jury finds that any section of the contract could have been unconscionable at its time of formation, the court may refuse to put into effect the agreement (Landrum, 2014). Additionally, the court may also implement the remainder part with no unconscionable section, or it may stop the application of any section that is unconscionable so that to avoid an unconscionable ou e. Moreover, when it appears to the court that any of the sections of the contract or if the contract is unconscionable the parties shall be awarded a sensible chance to present evidence as to its business situation, reason and effect to help the jury in deciding the case. The doctrine of unconscionability got formed when it was realized that some contracts would be injurious to one party, despite the available limiting public policies, that the court should be able to practice some manner of discretion (Landrum, S 2014). The judge, in such cases, is permitted to interpret the situation and to introduce her own understanding of what is to be treated as unconscionable or conscionable within her jurisdiction under the court of law . Courts concentrate on the size and the setting of the business transaction to see whether the deceptive or authoritarian tactics were applied. It also examines if there was the use of fine print in the contract, for example, if the contents of the contract were readable to all parties. Additionally, the court also scrutinizes to know the familiarity and education of the party that claims for unconscionability (Landrum, 2014). Further, examines the situation to know whether there was a disparity in the bargaining power. However, for the court to decide on the case, it first analyzes whether there were actual conditions of the contract that unreasonably favors the party to whom unconscionability is r mended. Being that the courts have been reluctant in addressing the issues concerning the unfair or unequal business between the bank and the consumer has really favored the banks and other larger institutions. In most cases courts have ruled cases in favor of the bank because of the contract term and conditions. Where the courts have looked entirely at the written document to determine the rights of each party, the creditor, which is the bank, prevails. In many cases contract laws have failed to provide debtors with enough remedies against the tortuous conduct of creditors (Winter, 2008). However, the real importance of debtors win lies in the recognition of some courts, for example, the Australian Part 2B of the Victorian Fair Trade Act 1999 that has tried to hold the banking industry to high values of good faith and conduct. In 2003 Australian government introduced a new Section 2B of Victorian Fair Trade Act 1999 and made it a law . This provision of Part 2B of nullifies any term in a customer contract that is not fair. In banks, if a contract condition or term that imposes a cheque is unfair according to Part 2B of the Fair Trading Act, it will be nullified, which is fairly different from whether it is unenforceable or not as a fine under the law (Winter, 2008). Section 32W of the Fair Trade Act shows that in a consumer contract a phrase can get observed as unfair if, â€Å"contrary to the requirements of good faith and in all the circumstances, it causes a significant imbalance in the parties’ rights and obligations emerging under the contract to the detriment of the consumer† (Consumer Action, 2013) Moreover, article 32X also presents directions as to whether a condition or a term may get considered unfair. Therefore, it can be said that Part 2B renders dishonor charges unenforceable by financing institutions against customers. Banking sectors are still entitled to recover defaulter's cost, but they are not entitled to use penalty fees when recovering the cost they have incurred due to customers who have defaulted. Under Part 2B of the Victoria Fair Trading Act, penalty fees might be annulled as unfair (Cornell, 2016).   Because banks are not disclosing the accurate cost of the customer defaults, it will remain difficult for both the regulatory authorities and customers to conclusively or accurately make an assessment of whether dishonor fees are penalties or liquidated damages. However, given the plexities that an individual customer may face, especial the low-i e consumers, in trying to stop penalty fees charged on their accounts by banks, it is, therefore, vital that the re gulatory authority take charge. The regulatory authorities should imperatively take steps in safeguarding the customers and stop the financing institutions from stressing their customers by charging lawfully unenforceable fines. From the readings I have had, I found the case between Centerre Bank of Kansas City v. Distributors, Inc. to be an interesting one with regard to unfair agreements and the attitude of the courts when making a decision on the enforceability of a contract. The debtors bought a business after they had been promised by the bank that it would continue with the pany’s line of credit. The debtors were told by the bank's credit officer that the bank will only continue with the credit line if they will personally guarantee the loan. However, the loan officer failed to disclose to them that the bank considered the loan at a risk, and was, therefore, arranging to demand full payment of all the money that previously had been disbursed. Depending on the assurance from the loan officer, debtors bought the business and submitted their personal guarantees to the bank. After three days, the bank continued with its arrangement of demanding full payment of the credit. The debtors surrendered the ir business assets to the bank because of failing to find another financing. After the bank liquidated the business assets, they realized was less and decided to sue debtors in which they collected further $400,000 on the guarantees that debtors provided (Rich, 2004). The debtors decided to countersue the bank by challenging that the bank fraudulently made a misrepresentation. The also claimed that the bank breached the agreement of good faith and fair dealing. After jury ruling in favor of the debtors, the bank forwarded an appeal. The court of appeal held that the written contract was an integrated agreement. The court found that the written contract gave the bank privileges to demand payment at any time and that the bank auction was acceptable (Rich, 2004). The court also noted that the relationship between the debtors and the bank was based on borrowing and lending and that debtors were not owed a fiduciary obligation to the bank. Additionally, the failure of the bank to disclose its plans concerning the loan did not make it fraudulent. Consequently, the court stated that the conduct of the bank was fair and in good faith. The role of the consumer advocate groups regarding unfair agreement are: (1) to support the vulnerable Victorian customers who are facing financial difficulty. (2) Promoting the financial counseling sector by using its casework, law reform, and advocacy, to take up and uphold best practice. (3) working with the government, utilities, debt collection, banks and other stakeholders to improve approaches to financial problems for defenseless customers (Consumer Action. 2013). My research showed that there are other similar groups to Financial and Consumer Rights Council (FCRC) – Victoria. Some of such groups may include: On the other hand, one of the issues in Australia that demonstrated the characteristics of unconscionable by a vendor who supplied vacuum cleaners to various ladies who were over 80 years of age. The case was ACCC v Lux Distributors Pty Ltd in 2013 (Jade.io. 2013). Australia petition and Consumer mission won the case against Lux Distributors. Consumer Action.(2013). Australian Consumer Organisations - Consumer Action. [online] Available at: https://consumeraction.org.au/help-for-consumers/who-else-can-help/australian-consumer-organisations/ Cornell, N 2016, 'A plainant-Oriented Approach to UnconscionabilityAnd Contract Law', University Of Pennsylvania Law Review, 164, 5, pp. 1131-1175, Jade.io. (2013).BarNet Jade - Find recent Australian legal decisions, judgments, case summaries for legal professionals (Judgments And Decisions Enhanced). [online] Available at: https://jade.io/article/300107 [Accessed 23 May 2017]. Landrum, S 2014, 'Much ado about nothing?: What the Numbers Tell us about how State Courts Apply the Unconscionability Doctrine to Arbitration Agreements', Marquette Law Review, 97, 3, pp. 751-812, Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 23 May 2017. Marrow, P, & Penn, C 2013, 'The "Circle Of Assent" Doctrine and the Mandatory Pre-Dispute Arbitration Clause: When The Unconscionable Contract Analysis Just Won't Do', Dispute Resolution Journal, 68, 3, pp. 1-28, Mccullough, C 2016, 'UnconscionabilityAs A Coherent Legal Concept', University Of Pennsylvania Law Review, 164, 3, pp. 779-825, Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 23 May 2017. Rich, N. (2004). Unfair fees: A report into penalty fees charged by Australian banks. Winter, CS 2008, 'The Rap on Clickwrap: How Procedural Unconscionability is Threatening the E merce Marketplace', Widener Law Journal, 18, 1, pp. 249-292.

An Issue That Impacts Distance-Education Learning Research Paper

An Issue That Impacts Distance-Education Learning - Research Paper Example From the discussion it is clear that though the program objectives and purposes are the same, the main difference is that distance learning occurs via web-based technology. This technology connects both the student and the faculty members separated by time and space denying them face-to-face interaction, essential for development of effective teacher student supportive relationships. The lack of face-to-face contact requires the faculty members to develop many new roles to teach, guide, support and assess their students. They cannot be able to discern the body languages of their students over the web, which is crucial in teaching.This essay highlights that for successful distance nursing facilitation, instructors must learn and develop new social and technological skills to use over the net. They must be possessing flexibility, patience, and amiable persona essential in developing interactive communication and relationships with their students. They must also develop and improve thei r basic computer skills to understand the concepts of online web based technology, which requires considerable investment of time and resources for the faculty members to be comfortable with the technologies. Technologies used in distance learning include hybridized audio, video, printable and web based accessories, which maximize student learning experience and efficiency.  Ã‚  Instructors need to invest their time and resources to keep pace with new technologies.... They must also develop and improve their basic computer skills to understand the concepts of online web based technology, which requires considerable investment of time and resources for the faculty members to be comfortable with the technologies. Technologies used in distance learning include hybridized audio, video, printable and web based accessories, which maximize student learning experience and efficiency. Instructors need to invest their time and resources to keep pace with new technologies (Smith, Passmore, & Faught, 2009). Designing distance learning modules require the coordination of various specialists and experts and doing this is a considerable challenge for instructors who have different opinions and ideas. Keeping in touch with the wide number of students, who are at different locations and with different cultures, is also an extraordinarily difficult challenge for faculty members who may be forced to work under different time zones. They must be able to plan and deve lop multi site communications, which require continuous upgrading of hardware and policy to improve efficiency. Failure to do this would render the programs redundant because of lack of co-ordination. Increased use of web based technology for distance learning may infringe intellectual and copyrights of materials been transmitted over the net. The wide number of materials used by different instructors is sometimes impossible to employ without infringements, and they may expose these programs to lawsuits. There is an urgent need for clarification on most of the materials used. Online nursing programs are similar to other courses taught online (Smith, Heindel, & Torres-Ayala, 2008), but assessment becomes a problem. It is

Marketing Is the Production of Signs and their Meanings Essay

Marketing Is the Production of Signs and their Meanings - Essay Example Advertising is basically a source of societal information implanted in products that mediate personal identity as well as interpersonal associations. Advertising should thus be perceived as a vital part of the consumer society. This is because it generates patterned sequences of meaning which have a key role in social reproduction as well as personal socialisation. The "marketplace" can actually be perceived as a "cultural system" of sorts and not merely a method for the exchange of changes in the transactions involving products and money. It is the images as well as cultural symbolism that offer key insights into the character and operations involved in advertising. Cultural types of social communication actually generate meanings via non-discursive imagery which affects behaviour and consciousness in a subtle manner by allowing some kinds of behaviour and thought while delegitimizing others. For example, advertising suggests through its images affirmative presentations of self-assu red "masculine" manners and illustrations of fashionable as well as well-groomed women and men who desire to be successful in finding spouses. Therefore, advertising offers improper as well as proper depictions of behaviour as well as role models for both women and men. The outcome of this is the development of a culture where a person’s image has a more significant role than his or her linguistic discourse. Visual imagery is non-discursive, and thus associative, fictive, emotional and iconic, whereas vocal imagery is discursive (Elkington, Hartigan and Schwab, 2008). Advertising has played a major role in the evolution into a new culture that is observed with image, and thus in the change from a book/print or...The all important consumer is put on a pedestal and venerated. Successful marketing operations create a hyper-reality that the ordinary customer believes in because most of the time it is unanticipated and unusual but exhilarating and artistic. For example, the Disney Empire is actually founded on the creation of fantasy which is not actually a requirement but a product of the cooperation of Disney’s employees, consumers, reviewers, and agents (Hurley, 2005). This is also the case where the electronic corporations are concerned. For example, Apple’s Macintosh computer was not a requirement that was necessary for the consumers. It was simply a persuasively seductive computer vision with a â€Å"warm and responsive† image that had been created by Steve Jobs and his group. The actual computer product was then created to occupy this vision. Marketing practice, is, therefore, not really created by the model of a sovereign customer in the post modern world, as by the pursuit for an influential hyper-reality that marketers as well as consumers can believe in. It is not the consumer but the image that is considered as being sovereign. A good example of this is found in a Pepsi commercial that was shown not so long ago. A beautiful supermodel who neglected to consume the product was instantly transformed into an ugly mannish creature.

Palestinian Islamic Jihad (PIJ) Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

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The Role of Knowledge Management and Human Resource Management in Research Paper

The Role of Knowledge Management and Human Resource Management in assisting the employees' replacement process - Research Paper Example Conclusions 22 References Appendices List of Abbreviations HRM: Human Resource Management KM: Knowledge Management IC: Intellectual Capital RBV: Resource-based-view 1. Introduction: Ulrich (1998) asserted that knowledge management through intellectual capital will be the basis for direct and indirect competitive advantage for organisations; and that successful organisations will be the ones that are most adept at attracting, developing and retaining individuals who can drive global organisation that is responsive for both its customers and the burgeoning opportunities of technology. Ulrich’s perspective on knowledge management and human resources management provide a strong foundation to understand contemporary organisations’ providence in sustaining their position in the global market. This paper will discuss the Ulrich perspective in depth and to show the link between the role of both Human Recourse Management and Knowledge Management in sustaining the competitive adv antage of organisations through knowledge workers. 2. What is Intellectual Capital: Ulrich (1998) emphasizes the ability to attract, develop and retain individuals that can run organisations at global levels while exploiting technological advancements for achieving and sustaining success. This is possible by building intellectual capital, which the Business Dictionary explains as the collective knowledge of individuals in an organisation or society, which can be used to produce wealth, multiple output of physical assets, gain competitive advantage, and/or to enhance value of other types of capital including customer capital, human capital, intellectual property, and structural capital (Skiba & Dulong, 2010; p.264). Human capital constitutes the knowledge gained by employees through specific activities that result in learning and innovation (Edvinsson and Malone 1997). Overall, Nahapiet and Ghoshal (1998; p.245) regard IC as â€Å"a valuable resource and a capability for action base d in knowledge.† Moreover, they regard IC of greater value compared to other organisational assets. According to them, IC operates in two dimensions, first based on types of knowledge; secondly, levels of analysis in knowledge and knowing. From the types of knowledge perspective, its classification into tacit and explicit knowledge by Polanyi (1967) stands good in organisational contexts. Intellectual capital is the hidden value of the organisation, and closely linked to Knowledge core processes such as acquisition, codification, dissemination, development and application (Davis, 2009). Establishment of this link between Knowledge core processes and IC requires an understanding of knowledge and its management in organisational contexts. 3. Knowledge and its management: Knowledge: Distinguishing from information and data, Lang (2001) identifies knowledge as a human creation that is embodied in mind, and argues that it cannot be delivered by systems or technology. A highly accep ted and notable classification of knowledge is that of Polanyi’s (1967) tacit and explicit knowledge. Tacit knowledge is that which is captured by an individual’s mindset and manifests through their actions. This knowledge can be acquired through interpersonal interaction (Lee & Choi, 2003). Explicit knowledge forms the formal and systematic knowledge which can be shared and communicated by codifying into manuals, procedures, rules etc (Nonaka & Konno, 1998; Stenmark, 2001). Explicit knowledge can be transferred to others in simpler manner than tacit

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Questions2 - Essay Example However, it opens room for unscrupulous short term currency traders with the aim of inflating the conversion rate for personal gains. Such challenges may lead to losses for businesses operating in countries with a weak currency thus allowing for the monopoly. The short term financial selling can be reduced by financial market players with the ability to control the currency conversion rates based on the globally agreed rates and competition. The foreign exchange and financial market are vital in improving business efficiency because they affect the revenue and expenditure of business in relation to the exchange rates (Mendleson, 2012, p. 123). Efficiency is improved when the foreign exchange market is stable leading to price stability in the product and service market. The success of businesses globally depends heavily on the foreign exchange market. Therefore, the foreign exchange market is vital in the global success of businesses because it affects revenue and expenditure. The suc cess of foreign exchange market is revealed on the global success of the businesses based on other factors affecting globalization. The currency conversion rate is a vital factor in international business operations. Question three Currency crisis and the default crisis are related especially in the developing country. Normally, the currency crisis precedes the default crisis indicating the relationship between the two crises. The sudden drop in the exchange rate of a currency leads to serious challenge in the financial market which in turn affects the business operations in the country. In order to avert currency conversion crisis, countries must ensure that then conversion rates are maintained at a stable price which increases trust in the currency and improves the development of the necessary capital stability. In order to avert a currency conversion crisis, the country must evaluate it paper money value and maintain at a stable equilibrium (Boone & Kurtz, 2011, p. 96). Industria l countries tend to ignore the impact of the global currency conversion rate, which in turn affects their performance globally. Countries must engage in the global currency trade and ensure that the stability of the local currency is achieved. The achievement of currency conversion stability will avert default crisis and ensure success in the global market. The use of sovereign credit rating will improve the stability in the currency conversion rates which in turn leads to reduction of currency crisis. Sovereign credit rating plays an integral role in the determination of the extent to which countries have access to the international capital markets (Sorrells, 2012, p. 115). However, changes in the sovereign credit rating should not be viewed as the indicator of the existence or future occurrence of a currency crisis. In conclusion, default crisis can be averted by controlling currency crisis. Question five The derivatives market is a financial market based on derivative factors and financial instruments. These instruments include future contracts or options obtained from other forms of assets. The market is divided in to two namely exchange-traded derivatives and over-the-counter derivatives. Tailor-made derivatives cannot be traded on the future exchange market but are traded on Over-the-counter markets. They consist of investment banks with clients such as the hedge funds, government

Theme of Life in Hamlet- Revenge Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Theme of Life in Hamlet- Revenge - Essay Example One thing which stands out in the play is the ability of Shakespeare to manipulate the language; this has been very effectively done in the play. The play is based upon revenge; Hamlet takes revenge of his father’s death in the play. Revenge is a very dangerous motive but a very powerful one. â€Å"This drama is one of the great tragedy themed plays by William Shakespeare. The themes of the plot cover indecision, revenge and retribution, deception, ambition, loyalty and fate. Prince Hamlet mourns both his father's death and his mother, Queen Gertrude's remarriage to Claudius. The ghost of Hamlet's father appears to him and tells him that Claudius has poisoned him. Hamlet swears revenge. He kills the eavesdropping Polonius, the court chamberlain. Polonius's son Laertes returns to Denmark to avenge his father's death. Polonius's daughter Ophelia loves the Prince but his behavior drives her to madness. Ophelia dies by drowning. A duel takes place and ends with the death of Gertr ude, Laertes, Claudius, and Hamlet.† (The Summary of Hamlet). Delay in Avenging the Death of his Father Hamlet is a very intriguing play and the play is based around the story of revenge which gets delayed. Claudius is the protagonist in the play and Hamlet plays the role of a tragic hero in the play. He gets many chances to kill Claudius but he delays avenging the death of his father, Hamlet gets possibly the finest opportunity when Claudius is seen to be praying in the play but Hamlet does not kill him there, this prolonging of revenge shapes up the play very well and it is easily the highlight of the play. The impulsive nature of Hamlet is another very interesting aspect of the play. ... The impulsive nature of Hamlet is another very interesting aspect of the play. Had Hamlet killed Claudius earlier in the play, the play would have lost its charm, the delay in Hamlet’s revenge is one of the biggest factors that intrigues the readers. Let’s now take into consideration the character of Hamlet, as discussed earlier, it can be easily made out that Hamlet was an impulsive person. His Father was the king of Denmark and he was killed by Claudius, who has now become the king by marrying Hamlet’s mother. A ghost tells Hamlet that his father was murdered by King Claudius and this allegation was later proved. Based on this assumption that Claudius killed his father, Hamlet decides to take revenge of the death of his father. Hamlet’s rash actions go on to decide his fate. In the sense that he succeeds in killing King Claudius but prior to this Hamlet ends up killing innocent old man by the name Polonius. Hamlet decides not to kill Claudius while he wa s praying; this causes an unnecessary delay and only goes on to make the readers believe that the actions of Hamlet were very Impulsive. To conclude with the character of Hamlet it can be said that since revenge was his sole aim, no one could have predicted the future and there are risks involved when a person seeks revenge, so it is fair to say that the death of Hamlet was not surprising as a reader and he pretty much deserved it. This is purely based on the fact that anything can happen when one seeks revenge. â€Å"Something is rotten in the state of Denmark.† (Hamlet). Marcellus speaks this line the word rotten goes to show the atmosphere in Denmark. The atmosphere is very bad because of the crime committed by Claudius. He killed Hamlet to come to the throne and this is

Sherlock Holmes Coursework Essay Example for Free

Sherlock Holmes Coursework Essay The story also used gothic language quite frequently its the vilest murder-trap on the whole of riverside. The Adventure of the Speckled Band also uses formal language a few like my dear fellow or I am all attention. It also uses old fashioned language like farintosh and alas. It uses more short gothic sentences than the The Man with the Twisted Lip like terrible fate and blue smoke curling up from the chimney It also uses long gothic sentences like the building was of grey lichen-blotched stone with a high central portion and two curled wings. Old fashioned, formal language was used in the story because it was common in those days. Gothic language was used in the story to give a dark and miserable tone. In the Stories, the weather and the settings reflect and enhance the mood of the story; Sir Arthur Conan Doyle does this by having positive weather when the crime is solved and having negative weather when the crime is being committed. He also shows a contrast in the good and bad settings. This is called pathetic fallacy. Conan Doyle uses this in The Man with the Twisted Lip quite a lot like in Dr. Watsons home. I had left my armchair and my cheery sitting-room behind me this shows us a positive view of Dr. Watsons home which is in the West End of London. On the East End Conan Doyle uses negative comments like through the gloom and black shadows this shows that the East End is a dangerous place. The opium den which is in the East End is considered to be the vilest murder trap on the whole of river side. The weather is also bad there a dull wrack drifted slowly across the sky this reflects on the place. The Cedars is a nice place which Conan Doyle has described in a positive way. A large villa which stood within its own ground and winding gravel-drive which led to the dining-room. This shows that Kent is a good, well mannered and rich place to live. In The Adventure of the Speckled Band Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson are sharing rooms in a lovely house with a clock on the mantelpiece. Dr. Roylott owns a big two-hundred year old house and a few acres of ground. They described the house as very grand. It is very old, and only one wing is now inhabited. The bedroom in this wing is on the ground floor, the sitting rooms being in the central block of building. He also keeps exotic Indian animals like a cheetah and a baboon. They also add gothic descriptions in the story like the building was of grey, lichen-blotched stone, with a high central portion and two curving wings like the claws of a crab thrown out on each side Conan Doyle also uses pathetic fallacy in the story it was a wild night. The wind was howling outside and the rain was beating and splashing against the windows. This tells us that something bad is going to happen. He also uses more complicated pathetic fallacy which is less noticeable for example it was a perfect day with a bright sun and a few fleecy clouds in the heavens the trees and wayside hedges were just throwing out their first green shoots, and the air was filled with a pleasant smell of moist earth. This strikes Watson as strange; it also suggests that Holmes secretly knows the answer. The weather in Sherlock Holmes stories vary due to the events happening, for example, if Holmes is about to solve a mystery, the weather is sunny and warm, but if the crime is being committed, the weather is dull, stormy and rainy. Conan Doyle uses false clues in the story to mislead the readers; he also uses them to add interest to the story and to make Sherlock Holmes look cleverer than he is. Some of the false clues in The Man with the Twisted Lip are the idea of Neville St. Clair and Hugh Boone being separate characters. They are in fact the same person. The coat on the mud flat and the blood on the window sill are more false clues Mrs St Clairs eye witness account is inaccurate as it describes St. Clair as being pulled back forcibly from the window when he actually jumped away from it. In The Adventure of the Speckled Band some of the false clues were the gypsies; this was because they thought that gypsies are the people with the speckled band. The wandering gypsies, and he would give these vagabond leave to encamp upon few acres of bramble-covered land which represents the family estate. Another false clue is the animals he kept, which are the cheetah and the baboon, keeping them in the house tells us that they could have killed Julia Stoner. But there is a cheetah and a baboon. Conan Doyle uses false clues in the story to make it more interesting, he also uses it to make Sherlock Holmes seem cleverer. The ending both stories do have their similarities, in The Man with the Twisted Lip the crime is solved by Holmes washing Hugh Boones face and discovering that it is Neville St. Clair. In The Adventure of the Speckled Band it ends by Holmes beating a snake which is known as the speckled band, which made the snake turn back and bite the first person it saw, which was Dr. Roylott. Arguably they both end in a denouement, which values them similar. Even though there are a few differences in the story, they have a lot in common. In the opening of the story, they both start off with a distressed woman who needs Holmes and Watsons help. The characters do have a few differences, but overall they are quite similar, especially Sherlock Holmes. All of the women in the story except Mrs Watson are similar; they are all weak, fragile and prone to fainting, but Mrs Watson is strong wise and older. In both stories, they all use a fair amount of formal, old fashioned and gothic language. The settings are also similar, as they both use pathetic fallacy quite a lot. The clues are different as they dont base on the same idea. The endings are quite similar, in The Man with the Twisted Lip Sherlock Holmes solves the crime by cleaning Hugh Boones face and discovering that it is Neville St. Clair. In The Adventure of the Speckled Band Holmes beats a snake (the speckled band) while it was approaching Holmes, this made the snake turn back and bite the first person it saw, which was Dr. Roylott. They both end in a denouement which makes them similar. Overall, looking at my essay, I think that the Sherlock Holmes stories do have a pattern to them. Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Arthur Conan Doyle section.

Integrating basic skills Essay Example for Free

Integrating basic skills Essay Graphing and Social Studies The Rationale Graphing skills are in important tool for participating in adult society. As such, they should be emphasized and integrated into the curriculum. Including a graphing exercise as part of a larger social studies unit is a good way to reinforce math and interpretive skills. A graphing exercise gives the student an opportunity to demonstrate what has been learned in a creative way. Reproducing the information in graphical form also helps the students to see the big picture. It helps them see how different elements relate, and it provides a visual representation of the information that can be more easily remembered. As adults, the students will find that graphs are not solely a mathematical element. Graphs are a way we communicate concepts as well as data. Early integration of this skill into a child’s education can only be beneficial. The Exercise Software and internet sites to assist graphing activities are plentiful. For this exercise, the Create a Graph website (http://nces. ed. gov/nces/kids/graphing/) sponsored by the National Center for Education Statistics will be used. The students have been studying the Plymouth Plantation. This lesson points out that the Pilgrims attained a new sense of freedom, but it was not without hardship. The graphing exercise is designed to reinforce this concept. Before the exercise begins the teacher will run through a brief graphing tutorial. To begin, the students will each receive one of three different assignment sheets. They will later be divided into groups based on which assignment they receive. The students in group one will receive a handout summarizing the information obtained in the part of the lesson called â€Å"Step 2. † Their task will be to construct a graph at the Create a Graph website comparing the speeds of various forms of transportation, present and past, including the Mayflower. A bar chart will be suggested. The students may discuss the project as a group, but each student must complete a chart. The second group will receive a handout summarizing the climatic data obtained in â€Å"Step 3. † They will construct a chart showing the average temperature highs and lows for each month of the year. An area chart will be suggested. The third group will receive a handout describing population levels of colonists and natives in the area in the years 1620-1640. They will be asked to construct charts showing the population distribution (men, women, Native Americans) in the years 1620 and 1640. Pie charts will be suggested. Copies of each graph will be printed for each student in the group. Fonts, colors and labels will be at the discretion of the students, but the students will be asked to keep in mind that their chart must explain the data clearly to someone who might not already be familiar with it. After everyone has completed a chart they will return to groups to discuss their results. The graphs in each group will not be identical, but they should be similar. Each group will then be asked an interpretive question: â€Å"What is your graph telling us? † The answer should be one written sentence. The idea is to present a very concise summary of the information, i. e. The population difference between men and women shrunk between 1620 and 1640. The teacher will choose one or two members of each croup to present their graph, describe the process of making it, and describe the meaning. To reinforce the experience, the students will be asked, as a class a series of follow up questions including the following: Could we have used different types of graphs to present the data? Why or why not? Why do we use graphs? What do the graphs tell you about life on Plymouth? The graphing exercise will help students visualize the data. They can then draw their own conclusions about what the data means. They will gain exposure to the different types of graphs and when it is appropriate to use each. It is also another chance to integrate interactive technology into the students learning experience. The group format will allow students to exchange ideas and develop for themselves a more creative learning experience. As with any group exercise, the job of the teacher is to facilitate interaction and full participation of the students. Sources Bergen County Intermediate School District. (2006). Technology Curriculum Integration Ideas! Retrieved 7/2/2006 from: http://www. remc11. k12. mi. us/bcisd/classres/intideas. htm Brooks, Susan Byles, Bill. (2006). Idea Starters for using Technology in the Classroom. Retrieved 7/2/2006 from: http://www. internet4classrooms. com/integ_tech_lessons. htm Evans, Janet. (2005). Literacy Moves On: Popular Culture, New Technologies, and Critical Literacy in the Elementary Classroom. New York: Heinemann. Howell, Will C. (1987). Grid and graph it: graphing activities for listening and following directions, grades 4-6. Belmont, Calif. : Fearon Teacher Aids. National Center for Education Statistics. (2006). Students Classroom: Create a Graph. Retrieved 7/2/2006 from: http://nces. ed. gov/nces/kids/graphing/ Starr, Linda. (2003). Technology Integration Ideas that Work. Retrieved 7/2/2006 from: http://www. education-world. com/a_tech/tech/tech176. shtml Ventura, Fred. (2006). Graphing and Computers in Grades 3-5. Retrieved 7/2/2006 from: http://www,venturaes. com/graphing/.

Shortage Of Employees And Staff Retention Management Essay

Shortage Of Employees And Staff Retention Management Essay Retention of nurses at healthcare organizations has been a problem for several years. With the aging population in the United States the nursing shortage will become more critical. The case at Grayson County Regional Health Center indicates a problem with employee retention. The group that is most affected are the nurses where retention rates have ranged from 15%-50 %( Fried and Fottler, 2010) over the last several years. The best ways to retain employees is to first screen and select the best qualified employees. This can be done through automated screening tools, peer interviews, and retention focused management. Three organizations will be compared in this article. The 30 nursing homes in New York and Connecticut, the Jupiter Medical Center in Jupiter Florida will be referred to as examples of how retention problems can be solved. The Eastern Idaho Regional Medical Center in Idaho Falls, Idaho is another organization that has successful solved recruitment issues and has created a culture where people stay due to good working conditions and benefits. Solutions to retain employees once they are hired will be discussed by creating a culture where people feel appreciated. Recommendations will be given to solve Grayson County Health Centers employee retention problems. Good job! Shortage of Employees and Grayson County Regional Health Center Grayson County Regional Health Center is a private non-for-profit 225 bed acute care hospital located in a rural community in a southeastern state. The hospital provides a range of inpatient and outpatient services. There is 24 hour emergency care offered. The hospital serves Grayson County and three other neighboring counties. The population of the county is 60,879 with 53% African Americans, 42% Caucasians and 5% Hispanics. (Fried, et al. 2010) The area suffers from economic hardships where many of the manufacturing jobs have relocated. The Employee turnover at the hospital is a 40%, and for nurses the turnover rate has ranged from 15-50% the last few years. (Fried, et al .2010) Medicare and Medicaid are heavily relied on for the income at the hospital. The hospital is not able to pay competitive market wages for the nurses and other professionals. The result is the hospital is under staffed and the quality of care is a concern. There are many things to consider to how this situation can improve. Can better communication between the staff and the management be implemented, to create an environment where employees feel valued? A retention specialist position or committee should be considered for retaining employees. Not retaining employees can cost an organization a lot of money. Do you have an estimate of how much it can cost? If more employees stayed with the organization money could be reallocated to pay staff a competitive wage. Another question to be answered is if anyone in the community can be retrained for th e jobs at the hospital, where unemployment is so high in this county. Retrained for jobs such as†¦? The costs of employee turnover can be radically changed by retaining more employees. One example given by Quint Studer (2006) if an organization with 3000 employees which have an average salary of $45,000 a year , a 1% reduction in turnover equals more than 1.3 million in a years time. One of the problems at Grayson County was the inability to pay employees competitive wages. Wages being one of the crucial ways to help retain employees it would be beneficial if the costs saved from employee turnover could create a way to pay the employees better. In the text by Fried et al. (2010 p.198) states that recruitment and selection are the key to retention, one important part in the selection process is to screen the job applicants to see if they fit with the organizational values and have the skills necessary for the work. Another consideration is it can be easier to teach skills than to change attitudes of employees. Determining which applicant fits the organization can be done by asking behavioral questions in the interview to gain insight to the skill sets the applicant possesses and their values. How do behavioral questions differ from personality tests? Having peers involved in the interview process can help with the selection process to find an applicant that fits best with the organization. The first 30-60 days are the most crucial to retaining an employee. The employee turnover can be 25% in the first 30-60 days ( Studer, 2006). Making sure to follow up with new hires to clarify expectations, recognize efforts and encouragin g the employee to give helpful examples of past work experience that would be beneficial for the organization can help with retention in the crucial first 30-60 days. These tactics have been proven to work at a 340 bed hospital in Downers Grove, Ill where a reduction of employee turnover improved by 36.5 % in a years time. ( Studer, 2006) The Healthcare Advisory Board (HCAB) conducted an extensive review of recruitment and retention strategy and identified each strategy relative effectiveness. The HCAB review yields five effective retention strategies: Firstly, selecting the right employees. Secondly, management improving the orientation and on-boarding processes by creating a buddy program and other opportunities that help new employees establish professional and personal relationships with colleges. Thirdly, monitoring turn over to identify specific root causes, including identifying managers whose departments have high turnover. Fourthly, efforts in developing and implementing ways to retain valued employees in the organization will reduce turnover percentages. Fifthly, although marginal in its effectiveness the HCBA recommended systemically attempting to reverse turnover decisions. (Fried et al. 2010). Other retention strategies given by Fried et al (2010) Where to create a culture where people want to stay because they enjoy their work. The manager does this thru empathy and truly caring for the welfare of the employees creating authentic connections with each staff member. This can allow for better focus on problem solving in the organization. A generic strategy for retention is through competitive compensation, differential and premium pay through signing bonuses, forgivable loans, and extensive benefits. In Jupiter Medical Center (JMC) in Jupiter, Florida Paul Dell Uomo (2009) reported that they suffered from recruiting and retention problems which were a problem in opening up more beds to serve the community. After weighting the options it was decided to outsource the recruitment function which helped in organizing hiring practices. This cut costs including a 1 million dollar decrease in contract labor (Uomo, 2009).

Madness and Insanity in Shakespeares Hamlet - From Obsession to Insani

From Obsession to Madness in Hamlet      Ã‚   In Shakespeare's play Hamlet, there are several questions that come to the reader's mind regarding the emotional state of Hamlet.   Was Hamlet really suffering from madness, as many of his friends and family thought?   Was he mad or just pretending to be mad?   Did Hamlet start out pretending to be mad, and his obsession drove him to madness?   The reader gets insight into Hamlet's mental status through other characters and through Hamlet himself. If the characters had the information that Hamlet had about the murder of his father, would they have thought differently of his actions and his sanity?      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Early in the play, King Claudius and Queen Gertrude show their concern for Hamlet's emotional state.   Hamlet had just recently lost his father and his mother had married his father's brother.   When Claudius asks Hamlet "How is it that the clouds still hang on you?" (1.2.66), he is attempting to determine why Hamlet is sad or depressed.   At this point the reader does not see any signs of madness but is starting to see that Hamlet isn't his usual self.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   After Claudius and Gertrude leave there is a chance to see how Hamlet really feels. In talking to himself, Hamlet states:      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   O that this too too sullied flesh would melt,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Thaw and resolve itself into dew,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Or that the Everlasting had not fix'd   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   His canon 'gainst self-slaughter. O God! God!   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   How weary, stale flat, and unprofitable   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Seem to me all the uses of this world! (1.2.129-133)    Here you begin to get a glimpse of the turmoil that Hamlet is going through. But at this point there are legi... ...peare. Ed. Gerald Chapman. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1965. Epstein, Norrie. "One of Destiny's Casualties." Readings on Hamlet. Ed. Don Nardo. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1999. Rpt. of The Friendly Shakespeare: A Thoroughly Painless to the Best of the Bard. New York: Viking Penguin, 1993. p. 332-34. Gooch, Bryan N. S. "Review of The Shapes of Revenge: Victimization, Vengeance, and Vindictiveness in Shakespeare." Early Modern Literary Studies 4.1 (May, 1998): 5.1-6   http://purl.oclc.org/emls/04-1/rev_goo6.html. Gordon, Edward J. Introduction to Tragedy. Rochelle Park, NJ: Hayden Book Co., Inc., 1973. Jorgensen, Paul A. "Hamlet." William Shakespeare: the Tragedies. Boston: Twayne Publ., 1985. N. pag. http://www.freehomepages.com/hamlet/other/jorg-hamlet.html Shakespeare, William. Hamlet. Ed. T. J. B. Spencer. New York: Penguin, 1996.

Why The Crucible Remains Important Today Essay -- Essay on The Crucibl

Why ‘The Crucible’ Remains Important Today For a story of any kind to have any relevance or meaning some 50 years after being written and indeed almost 400 years after it was set, it needs to contain themes and ideas that have been uniformly felt and experienced by people from all walks of life as well as continuing to speak to and have meaning to new and changed generations of people. Years after being written, Arthur Miller’s ‘The Crucible’, still successfully speaks to numerous generations of people, that although live in different countries, under different governments and belong to different peer groups, experience the same issues that the characters of ‘The Crucible’ experienced as well as the same issues that were experienced by Arthur Miller at the time of writing. ‘The Crucible’ effectively addresses not only the issue of conformity found in all social groups, it illustrates the remarkable amount of power a select group of people may possess, purely because it is they who are entitled to interpret the various law and morals by which people live as well as the numerous injustices that continue to torment mankind. A strong theme in ‘The Crucible’, conformity is an idea or even an issue that has been present and has plagued mankind for generations. The indisputable need to conform to the Church’s view and those of its ministers is gravely evident in ‘The Crucible’ and causes much personal conflict in the play’s characters. The group of accused charac-ters must eithe...

Causes and Effects of the American Revolution Essay -- Essays on Amer

Both the British and the American colonists contributed to causing the American Revolution. The war grew out of contempt: England’s contempt for the colonies and colonial contempt for British policies. A series of actions by the British eventually pushed the colonists over the edge and towards independence. The results of the war gave many citizens a new role in society while others, like slaves, felt no change at all. This paper will examine the specific causes and effects of the American Revolution. Ideology really laid the foundation for the Revolution. British citizens, including those in the North American colonies, felt a special sense of pride in their political system. Unlike in other European countries at the time, the English king did not possess absolute control over his country. England has a parliament, and that stood as a check against the king’s power. Many Britons grew up skeptical of a single, authoritarian ruler. Within this political framework, there existed the concept of liberty. â€Å"The English had no standing army, no letters de cachet; they had their habeas corpus, their trials by jury, their freedom of speech and conscience, and their right to trade and travel; they were free from arbitrary arrest and punishment; their homes were their castles.† The vast majority of the colonists considered themselves British, and as such, they were entitled to these rights and freedoms. Republicanism coexisted with the notion of liberty. â€Å"According to the classical republican tradition, man was by nature a political being, a citizen who achieved his greatest moral fulfillment by participating in a self-governing republic.† The colonists took this virtuous duty seriously, especially when it came to r... ...t for their right to have a say in how their country should be run. In their old age, the leaders of the American Revolution and eventual founders of the United States worried about the extent to which democracy pervaded society. However, their actions planted the seeds for oppressed groups to fight for their rights. A country whose founding principle is that â€Å"all men are created equal†¦with certain unalienable rights† including â€Å"life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness† will always give people hope for a better future. Works Cited Countryman, Edward. The American Revolution revised edition. New York: Hill and Wang, 2003. Norton, Mary Beth. Liberty’s Daughters: The Revolutionary Experience of American Women, 1750-1800. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1996. Wood, Gordon S. The Radicalism of the American Revolution. New York: Vintage Books, 1991.

Dar es Salaam Essay

WHY STUDENTS’ TEACHERS’ IN TANZANIA STUDY HISTORY OF EDUCATION DAVID E. MSHANA DEC. 2012 Education according to Nyerere (1967), refers to the transmission from one generation to the next the accumulated wisdom and knowledge of the society and to prepare young people for their future membership of the society and their active participation in its development. In other way it can be defined as a process of teaching, training and learning especially in schools or colleges to improve knowledge and develop skills. (Oxford Advanced learners Dictionary, 6th Edition). Education is the process of acquiring and developing desirable knowledge, specific skills, positive attitudes and values. (Thungu, J. et al, 2010) History is the study of the records of all past human experiences, as defined by a number of historians. It is concerned with political, social, economic, scientific, technological and cultural which have shaped and given birth to mankind. History of education can be defined as the study of the past development of educational systems, theories and institutions within the general historical framework of political, social, economic, scientific, technological and cultural change. (Thungu, J. et al, 2010) REASONS WHY STUDENTS’ TEACHRERS’ STUDY HISTORY OF EDUCATION First of all, studying history of education helps teachers to be in improving quality of education and strengthen professional competence. Studying history of education prepares teachers to explore and critically examine alternatives education theories, practices and culture so as to objectively determine what is acceptable. (Thungu, J. et al, 2010) Likewise, past experience help teachers to be to influence current decisions today. History of education helps teachers to be to improve decision making and judgment. Through it both good and bad examples of decision are given. History of education offers the opportunity from past example of the others through which formulation of policies to suit the current education systems are made. Moreover, helps to draw comparison of different educational ideas and to show the development of various educational theories and practices in educational context. Through comparison one is able to show the development of a particular theory and practice in historical context and demonstrates a particular condition out, which such a theory arose, the specific function that a practice was intended to serve. (Thungu, J, et al, 2010) History of education provides the opportunity to see how society has changed over centuries. It provides a better understanding of people and culture. Tanzania in particular, education system has been changing from time to time as for instance objectives of indigenous education are different from the post colonial era. Through it, teacher to be can be able to show the difference objectives of education basing on different generation. (http//:www. wikipedia. history of education/) Helps to cultivate the art of self expression, communication, inquiry, objective thinking and ability to judge on the side of the teachers to be. It enables in the developing the attitude of mind that distinguish the educated person, the habit of skepticism and criticism of thinking with perspective and objective of judging what is good or bad, as well as weighing the pros and cons. (Thungu, J. et al. 2010) Studying history of education enables student- teachers in choosing suitable methods and strategies when in classroom environment or context. Student-teachers to be in good position to avoid static methods of teaching and learning, at the same time theory improve the tradition methods to match with current situation. (http//:www. wikipedia. history of education/) Also, it exposes the student-teachers to other discipline such as history, Christian religion education, oral literature, sociology and psychology. This helps in enriching the analysis of important educational ideas. (Thungu, J. et al, 2010) It enables student-teachers in integrating both theoretical and practical education. Understanding the context of historical events engender the spirit of realism. Through various education theories creates or build good basis in implementation of curriculum. (Thungu, J. et al 2010) Then, it helps in establishing the sound knowledge and skills set in which teachers will be able to build as they are exposed to different life experiences. For instance, having studied a history of education in a certain society, a student-teacher will be in a good position to handle the students of that society effectively and efficiently. (http//:www. wikipedia. history of education/) Studying history of education helps student-teachers to translate information and judgment, experience and wisdom into relevant knowledge that a student can understand, retain and pass to others. Generally, Studying history of education for the teachers to be is of great importance to their prospects of teaching. History of education is part and parcel of the teaching profession, if a teacher wants to be effective and efficient. REFERENCES http//:www. wikipedia. history of education/ 13th, Jan, 2011; 11:08 am Ishumi, A. G. M. , (1978), Education and Development, Dar es Salaam: National Printing Company Limited. Lema, E. et al (2004), Nyerere on Education, Dar es Salaam: Oxford University Press Mushi, A. K. (2009), History and Development of Education in Tanzania, Dar es Salaam: Dar es Salaam University Press Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary, 6th edition, (2000). Thungu, J. et al (2010), Mastering PTE Education, Nairobi: Oxford University Press.